临时添加 IP 地址 首先,让我们找到网卡的 IP 地址。在我的 Ubuntu 15.10 服务器版中,我只使用了一个网卡。 运行下面的命令找到 IP 地址: 样例输出: - 1: lo:<LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
- link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
- inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- inet6 ::1/128 scope host
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- 2: enp0s3:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
- link/ether 08:00:27:2a:03:4b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
- inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 scope link
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
或 样例输出: - enp0s3 Link encap:EthernetHWaddr08:00:27:2a:03:4b
- inet addr:192.168.1.103Bcast:192.168.1.255Mask:255.255.255.0
- inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64Scopeink
- UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500Metric:1
- RX packets:186 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
- TX packets:70 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
- collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
- RX bytes:21872(21.8 KB) TX bytes:9666(9.6 KB)
- lo Link encapocalLoopback
- inet addr:127.0.0.1Mask:255.0.0.0
- inet6 addr:::1/128Scope:Host
- UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536Metric:1
- RX packets:217 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
- TX packets:217 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
- collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
- RX bytes:38793(38.7 KB) TX bytes:38793(38.7 KB)
正如你在上面输出中看到的,我的网卡名称是 enp0s3,它的 IP 地址是 192.168.1.103。 现在让我们来为网卡添加一个新的 IP 地址,例如说 192.168.1.104。 打开你的终端并运行下面的命令添加额外的 IP。 - sudoip addr add 192.168.1.104/24 dev enp0s3
用命令检查是否启用了新的 IP: - sudoip address show enp0s3
样例输出: - 2: enp0s3:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
- link/ether 08:00:27:2a:03:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
- inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- inet 192.168.1.104/24 scope global secondary enp0s3
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 scope link
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
类似地,你可以添加任意数量的 IP 地址,只要你想要。 让我们 ping 一下这个 IP 地址验证一下。 样例输出 - PING 192.168.1.104(192.168.1.104)56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64time=0.901 ms
- 64 bytes from192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64time=0.571 ms
- 64 bytes from192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64time=0.521 ms
- 64 bytes from192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64time=0.524 ms
好极了,它能工作! 要删除 IP,只需要运行: - sudoip addr del192.168.1.104/24 dev enp0s3
再检查一下是否删除了 IP。 - sudoip address show enp0s3
样例输出: - 2: enp0s3:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
- link/ether 08:00:27:2a:03:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
- inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 scope link
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
可以看到已经没有了!! 正如你所知,重启系统后这些设置会失效。那么怎么设置才能永久有效呢?这也很简单。
添加永久 IP 地址Ubuntu 系统的网卡配置文件是 /etc/network/interfaces。 让我们来看看上面文件的具体内容。 - sudocat/etc/network/interfaces
输出样例: - #Thisfile describes the network interfaces available on your system
- #and how to activate them.Formore information, see interfaces(5).
- source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
- # The loopback network interface
- auto lo
- iface lo inet loopback
- # The primary network interface
- auto enp0s3
- iface enp0s3 inet dhcp
正如你在上面输出中看到的,网卡启用了 DHCP。 现在,让我们来分配一个额外的地址,例如 192.168.1.104/24。 编辑 /etc/network/interfaces: - sudonano/etc/network/interfaces
如下添加额外的 IP 地址。 - #Thisfile describes the network interfaces available on your system
- #and how to activate them.Formore information, see interfaces(5).
- source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
- # The loopback network interface
- auto lo
- iface lo inet loopback
- # The primary network interface
- auto enp0s3
- iface enp0s3 inet dhcp
- iface enp0s3 inet static
- address 192.168.1.104/24
保存并关闭文件。 运行下面的命令使更改无需重启即生效。 - sudo ifdown enp0s3 &&sudo ifup enp0s3
样例输出: - Killed old client process
- InternetSystemsConsortium DHCP Client4.3.1
- Copyright2004-2014InternetSystemsConsortium.
- All rights reserved.
- Forinfo, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
- Listening on LPF/enp0s3/08:00:27:2a:03:4e
- Sending on LPF/enp0s3/08:00:27:2a:03:4e
- Sending on Socket/fallback
- DHCPRELEASE on enp0s3 to 192.168.1.1 port 67(xid=0x225f35)
- InternetSystemsConsortium DHCP Client4.3.1
- Copyright2004-2014InternetSystemsConsortium.
- All rights reserved.
- Forinfo, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
- Listening on LPF/enp0s3/08:00:27:2a:03:4e
- Sending on LPF/enp0s3/08:00:27:2a:03:4e
- Sending on Socket/fallback
- DHCPDISCOVER on enp0s3 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3(xid=0xdfb94764)
- DHCPREQUEST of 192.168.1.103 on enp0s3 to 255.255.255.255 port 67(xid=0x6447b9df)
- DHCPOFFER of 192.168.1.103from192.168.1.1
- DHCPACK of 192.168.1.103from192.168.1.1
- bound to 192.168.1.103-- renewal in35146 seconds.
注意:如果你从远程连接到服务器,把上面的两个命令放到一行中非常重要,因为第一个命令会断掉你的连接。而采用这种方式可以保留你的 ssh 会话。 现在,让我们用下面的命令来检查一下是否添加了新的 IP: - sudoip address show enp0s3
输出样例: - 2: enp0s3:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
- link/ether 08:00:27:2a:03:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
- inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- inet 192.168.1.104/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary enp0s3
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 scope link
- valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
很好!我们已经添加了额外的 IP。 再次 ping IP 地址进行验证。 样例输出: - PING 192.168.1.104(192.168.1.104)56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64time=0.137 ms
- 64 bytes from192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64time=0.050 ms
- 64 bytes from192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64time=0.054 ms
- 64 bytes from192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64time=0.067 ms
好极了!它能正常工作。就是这样。
|